1. He went on vacation this summer too. He had a lot of financial problems.

+ In spite of having a lot of financial problems, he went on vacation this summer too.

+ Although he had a lot of financial problems, he went on vacation this summer too.

2. The film poster is wonderful. I don’t like to see it.

+ Although the film poster is wonderful, I don’t like to see it.

3. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.

+ In spite of the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.

4. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.

+ Because he is late for work often, he is dismissed.

5. She lived in France for three years. She can hardly understand French.

+ Despite living in France for three years, she can hardly understand French.

+ Although she lived in France for three years, she can hardly understand French.

6. I had to use the stairs. I was exhausted.

+ In spite of being exhausted, I had to use the stairs.

+ Although I was exhausted, I had to use the stairs.

7. There was a lot of mismanagement. We managed to complete the task on time.

+ Despite the mismanagement, we managed to complete the task on time.

+ Although there was a lot of mismanagement, we managed to complete the task on time.

8. I work really hard. My parents are never pleased with my grades.

+ In spite of working really hard, my parents are never pleased with my grades.

+ Although I work really hard, my parents are never pleased with my grades.

- Although là một liên từ (conjunction) được dùng để nối hai mệnh đề (clauses) có ý nghĩa trái ngược nhau. Sau although là một chủ ngữ (subject) và một động từ (verb). Although có thể dịch là “mặc dù” hoặc “dù cho”.

- In spite of và despite là hai giới từ (prepositions) được dùng để nối một danh từ (noun), một đại từ (pronoun) hoặc một động từ dạng -ing (gerund) với một mệnh đề khác có ý nghĩa trái ngược. In spite of và despite có cùng nghĩa là “bất chấp” hoặc “mặc dù”.

- Because là một liên từ được dùng để nối hai mệnh đề có quan hệ nguyên nhân - kết quả. Sau because là một chủ ngữ và một động từ. Because có nghĩa là “vì” hoặc “bởi vì”.